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Bumping the minimum wage up to $15 will raise wages for 28 million workers. Since many of those workers will turn around and spend that money, that is a huge boost for the economy.
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It also means less money for the company as a whole, and that they need to be making more money in order to support all of their new workers or run risk of going bankrupt in a few years. The sad fact of the matter is that it wouldn't lead to more people being hired. It would probably lead to more layoffs and harder conditions on workers who are expected to do the tasks of the people who were impacted by budget cuts.
Also, it doesn't mean that people are going to turn around and spend money at the same company they work for. You can be a worker at a Coca-Cola plant and only buy products made by Pepsi, so there is no guarantee that the increased wages companies are required to pay employees will be returned.
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You could say that if they're minimum wage they don't have to work hard, but regardless of if you're a lawyer or a toilet cleaner an hour is still the same amount of time for each person and you're both doing the same amount of work.
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But the amount of training involved is different. A lawyer and a mechanic have different skill sets than most people who work for minimum wage, so they make a lot more than a janitor would.
Also, granting a minimum wage increase for a job like that doesn't mean the person is necessarily working any harder than before. They'd just be compensated more to do the same job. (Unless they're given more tasks and responsibilities to match the wage increase, which would be likely to happen with any company forced to pay its workers more.)